华人生死学
与儿童谈生论死——部分中国父母“死亡话语素养”现状调查
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Talking About Life and Death with ChildrenA Study on the Current State Among Some Chinese Parents’ ‘Death Discourse Literacy
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    摘要:

    本研究旨在探究中国父母在开展儿童死亡教育过程中所展现的“死亡话语素养”,即认知层面,父母是否具备关于儿童死亡教育和跟孩子谈论死亡的客观知识;态度层面,父母是否有公开、正式和孩子谈论死亡的情感和行为倾向;话语实践层面,父母在实际生活中如何开展儿童死亡教育,以及他们采用的言语行为方式。研究采用“儿童死亡教育调查问卷”作为主要工具,并通过方便抽样的方式,收集了来自不同地区的289位中国父母的问卷数据。此外,基于自愿原则,对12位参与者进行了深入访谈,并对访谈录音进行了主题分析。研究发现,在态度层面,参与调查的父母普遍展现出积极和开放的态度,对儿童死亡教育的重要性有着较高的认可。在认知层面,虽然父母对儿童死亡教育的相关知识有一定的了解,但仍存在提升空间。在话语实践层面,父母倾向于利用死亡相关绘本和电影作为教育工具,但在具体的死亡主题活动,如临终告别、葬礼、扫墓等方面,参与度尚显不足。访谈材料与问卷调查基本一致,并进一步揭示了影响中国父母“死亡话语素养”现状的多种因素。本研究不仅揭示了中国父母在与孩子谈生论死时的“死亡话语素养”现状,而且对儿童死亡教育带来了一定的启示,并提出了相应的建议,以促进中国父母“死亡话语素养”的养成和提升。

    Abstract:

    This study aims to explore the "death discourse literacy" exhibited by some Chinese parents in the process of conducting children"s death education, which includes the cognitive aspect of whether parents possess objective knowledge about children"s death education; the attitudinal aspect of whether parents have emotional and behavioral tendencies to openly and formally discuss death with children; and the discursive practice aspect of how parents actually carry out children"s death education and the linguistic behaviors they adopt. The study utilized a "Children"s Death Education Attitude Questionnaire" as the main tool and collected questionnaire data from 289 Chinese parents from different regions through convenience sampling. Additionally, based on the principle of voluntariness, in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 participants, and the interview recordings were analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that, on the attitudinal level, the parents surveyed generally showed a positive and open attitude, with a high recognition of the importance of children"s death education. On the cognitive level, although parents have some understanding of the relevant knowledge of children"s death education, there is still room for improvement. On the discursive practice level, parents tend to use death-related picture books and movies as educational tools, but their participation in specific death-themed activities such as farewells at the end of life, funerals, and tomb sweeping is still insufficient. The interview materials are basically consistent with the questionnaire survey and further reveal the various factors affecting the current state of Chinese parents" "death discourse literacy." This study not only reveals the current state of Chinese parents" "death discourse literacy" when discussing life and death with their children but also provides certain insights into children"s death education and offers corresponding suggestions to promote the cultivation and improvement of Chinese parents" "death discourse literacy."

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马小琦,赵娜.与儿童谈生论死——部分中国父母“死亡话语素养”现状调查[J].华人生死学,2024,(2):38-49

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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-08
  • 最后修改日期:2024-12-10
  • 录用日期:2024-12-31
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-12-31
  • 出版日期: 2024-12-05
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  • 邹明明