Objective: To explore the relationship between death literacy and caregiver burden among family caregivers of advanced cancer patients and identify influencing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 190 family caregivers from a tertiary hospital in Zhuhai. Data were collected using the Death Literacy Index (DLI) and the Caregiver Burden Scale for Cancer Patients (CBS-CP), and analyzed with SPSS 27.0. Results: (1) The total death literacy score was 181.01±27.47, with the highest dimension being experiential knowledge (8.56±1.30) and the lowest being community knowledge (4.10±1.76). (2) The total caregiver burden score was 47.62±19.97, with disease perception burden being the most severe (2.26±0.92) and social burden the mildest (0.81±0.66). (3) Death literacy was negatively correlated with caregiver burden (r = -0.392, p < 0.001). (4) Multivariate analysis revealed that relationship with the patient, monthly family income, and death literacy were independent predictors of caregiver burden, explaining 17.9% of the variance (F = 3.750, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Caregiver burden among family caregivers of advanced cancer patients is mild to moderate, with intermediate death literacy levels and insufficient community knowledge. Higher death literacy correlates with lower burden. Interventions such as death education and enhanced community support are recommended to improve caregiving quality.