华人生死学
曾子生死观的三重维度
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山东大学儒学高等研究院

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The Triple Dimensions of Zengzi's View on Life and Death
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    摘要:

    死亡是古今中外哲学探讨的根本性问题,包括孔子和曾子在内的儒者其实都对死亡有着比较明晰的认识和鲜明的态度。从孔子开始,儒家学者就十分重视对死亡问题的诠释。曾子的生死观表现为三重维度。首先,曾子认为肉体为父母所赐,不得毁伤,死时应全身而归,死后方得安息。其次,礼义比生命更为重要,持守礼义而死对于以曾子为代表的先秦儒家学者而言是一种光荣。最后,死亡不是简单的结束,而是与宇宙自然的和合,这种新的存在状态即是天人合一。孝作为一种基本的道德情感和行为规范,不受时间的限制,可以世代相传,历久弥新。与“仁”是孔子礼学的核心一样,“孝”既是曾子思想的核心,亦是曾子礼学的核心。

    Abstract:

    Death is a fundamental issue discussed in philosophy both in ancient and modern times, both domestically and internationally. Confucian scholars, including Confucius and Zengzi, actually have a clear understanding and distinct attitude towards death. Since Confucius, Confucian scholars have attached great importance to the interpretation of the issue of death. Zengzi's view of life and death is manifested in three dimensions. Firstly, Zengzi believed that the body was bestowed by his parents and should not be destroyed. When he died, he should return with his whole body and rest in peace after death. Secondly, propriety and righteousness are more important than life, and for pre Qin Confucian scholars represented by Zengzi, adhering to propriety and righteousness and dying is a kind of glory. Finally, death is not simply an end, but a union with the natural universe, and this new state of existence is the unity of heaven and man. Filial piety, as a fundamental moral emotion and behavioral norm, is not limited by time and can be passed down from generation to generation, lasting forever. Just as "benevolence" is the core of Confucius' ritual studies, "filial piety" is not only the core of Zengzi's thought, but also the core of Zengzi's ritual studies.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-28
  • 最后修改日期:2025-09-05
  • 录用日期:2025-09-19
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-10-26
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